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Compare Arctic Ocean (2001) - Barbados (2002)
Compare Arctic Ocean (2001) z Barbados (2002)
| Arctic Ocean (2001) | Barbados (2002) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | - | 11 parishes; Christ Church, Saint Andrew, Saint George, Saint James, Saint John, Saint Joseph, Saint Lucy, Saint Michael, Saint Peter, Saint Philip, Saint Thomas; note - the city of Bridgetown may be given parish status |
| Age structure | - | 0-14 years: 21.4% (male 29,888; female 29,338)
15-64 years: 69.8% (male 94,214; female 98,811) 65 years and over: 8.8% (male 9,378; female 14,978) (2002 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | - | sugarcane, vegetables, cotton |
| Airports | - | 1 (2001) |
| Airports - with paved runways | - | total: 1
over 3,047 m: 1 (2002) |
| Area | total:
14.056 million sq km note: includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies |
total: 431 sq km
land: 431 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US | 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean. | The island was uninhabited when first settled by the British in 1627. Slaves worked the sugar plantations established on the island until 1834 when slavery was abolished. The economy remained heavily dependent on sugar, rum, and molasses production through most of the 20th century. The gradual introduction of social and political reforms in the 1940s and 1950s led to complete independence from the UK in 1966. In the 1990s, tourism and manufacturing surpassed the sugar industry in economic importance. |
| Birth rate | - | 13.32 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Budget | - | revenues: $847 million (including grants)
expenditures: $886 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.) |
| Capital | - | Bridgetown |
| Climate | polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow | tropical; rainy season (June to October) |
| Coastline | 45,389 km | 97 km |
| Constitution | - | 30 November 1966 |
| Country name | - | conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Barbados |
| Currency | - | Barbadian dollar (BBD) |
| Death rate | - | 8.38 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Debt - external | - | $425 million |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | - | chief of mission: Ambassador Earl N. PHILLIPS, Jr.
embassy: Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce Building, Broad Street, Bridgetown; (courier) ALICO Building-Cheapside, Bridgetown mailing address: P. O. Box 302, Bridgetown; CMR 1014, APO AA 34055 telephone: [1] (246) 436-4950 FAX: [1] (246) 429-5246 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | - | chief of mission: Ambassador Michael Ian KING
chancery: 2144 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 939-9200 FAX: [1] (202) 332-7467 consulate(s) general: Miami and New York consulate(s): Los Angeles |
| Disputes - international | some maritime disputes (see littoral states) | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | - | $9.1 million (1995) |
| Economy - overview | Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals. | Historically, the Barbadian economy had been dependent on sugarcane cultivation and related activities, but production in recent years has diversified into manufacturing and tourism. Offshore finance and information services are important foreign exchange earners, and there is also a light manufacturing sector. The government continues its efforts to reduce unemployment, encourage direct foreign investment, and privatize remaining state-owned enterprises. The economy contracted in 2001 due to slowdowns in tourism and consumer spending. Growth will remain anemic in 2002 with a recovery likely near the end of the year. |
| Electricity - consumption | - | 688.2 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - exports | - | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - imports | - | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production | - | 740 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production by source | - | fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Fram Basin -4,665 m highest point: sea level 0 m |
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Mount Hillaby 336 m |
| Environment - current issues | endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack | pollution of coastal waters from waste disposal by ships; soil erosion; illegal solid waste disposal threatens contamination of aquifers |
| Environment - international agreements | - | party to: Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity |
| Ethnic groups | - | black 90%, white 4%, Asian and mixed 6% |
| Exchange rates | - | Barbadian dollars per US dollar - 2.0000 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar) |
| Executive branch | - | chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Clifford Straughn HUSBANDS (since 1 June 1996)
head of government: Prime Minister Owen Seymour ARTHUR (since 6 September 1994); Deputy Prime Minister Billie MILLER (since 6 September 1994) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; the prime minister recommends the deputy prime minister |
| Exports | - | $272 million (2000) |
| Exports - commodities | - | sugar and molasses, rum, other foods and beverages, chemicals, electrical components, clothing |
| Exports - partners | - | Caribbean Community 43.2%, US 15.3%, UK 13.2% (2000) |
| Fiscal year | - | 1 April - 31 March |
| Flag description | - | three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), gold, and blue with the head of a black trident centered on the gold band; the trident head represents independence and a break with the past (the colonial coat of arms contained a complete trident) |
| GDP | - | purchasing power parity - $4 billion (2001 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | - | agriculture: 6%
industry: 16% services: 78% (2000 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | - | purchasing power parity - $14,500 (2001 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | - | -2% (2001 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 90 00 N, 0 00 E | 13 10 N, 59 32 W |
| Geography - note | major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months | easternmost Caribbean island |
| Highways | - | total: 1,650 km
paved: 1,628 km unpaved: 22 km (1998) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | - | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Illicit drugs | - | one of many Caribbean transshipment points for narcotics bound for Europe and the US; offshore financial center |
| Imports | - | $1.16 billion (2000) |
| Imports - commodities | - | consumer goods, machinery, foodstuffs, construction materials, chemicals, fuel, electrical components |
| Imports - partners | - | US 40.8%, Caribbean Community 19.8%, UK 8.1%, Japan 5.2%, Canada 4.2% (2000) |
| Independence | - | 30 November 1966 (from UK) |
| Industrial production growth rate | - | -3.2% (2000 est.) |
| Industries | - | tourism, sugar, light manufacturing, component assembly for export |
| Infant mortality rate | - | 11.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | - | 3.5% (2001 est.) |
| International organization participation | - | ACP, C, Caricom, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | - | 19 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | - | 10 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Judicial branch | - | Supreme Court of Judicature (judges are appointed by the Service Commissions for the Judicial and Legal Services) |
| Labor force | - | 128,500 (2001 est.) |
| Labor force - by occupation | - | services 75%, industry 15%, agriculture 10% (1996 est.) |
| Land boundaries | - | 0 km |
| Land use | - | arable land: 37.21%
permanent crops: 2.33% other: 60.46% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | - | English |
| Legal system | - | English common law; no judicial review of legislative acts |
| Legislative branch | - | bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (21-member body appointed by the governor general) and the House of Assembly (28 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: House of Assembly - last held 20 January 1999 (next to be held by January 2004) election results: House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - BLP 26, DLP 2 |
| Life expectancy at birth | - | total population: 73.49 years
male: 70.9 years female: 76.12 years (2002 est.) |
| Literacy | - | definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school
total population: 97.4% male: 98% female: 96.8% (1995 est.) |
| Location | body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle | Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela |
| Map references | Arctic Region | Central America and the Caribbean |
| Maritime claims | - | exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | - | total: 41 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 629,987 GRT/1,073,991 DWT
ships by type: bulk 9, cargo 26, combination bulk 1, container 1, petroleum tanker 4 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Australia 1, Bahamas, The 1, Canada 4, Germany 1, Greece 2, Hong Kong 7, Norway 7, United Kingdom 18 (2002 est.) |
| Military branches | - | Royal Barbados Defense Force (including Ground Forces and Coast Guard), Royal Barbados Police Force |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | $NA |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | NA% |
| Military manpower - availability | - | males age 15-49: 78,132 (2002 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | - | males age 15-49: 53,532 (2002 est.) |
| National holiday | - | Independence Day, 30 November (1966) |
| Nationality | - | noun: Barbadian(s) or Bajan (colloquial)
adjective: Barbadian or Bajan (colloquial) |
| Natural hazards | ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May | infrequent hurricanes; periodic landslides |
| Natural resources | sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales) | petroleum, fish, natural gas |
| Net migration rate | - | -0.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | - | Barbados Labor Party or BLP [Owen ARTHUR]; Democratic Labor Party or DLP [David THOMPSON]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Richard HAYNES] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | - | Barbados Workers Union [Leroy TROTMAN]; Clement Payne Labor Union [David COMMISSIONG]; People's Progressive Movement [Eric SEALY]; Worker's Party of Barbados [Dr. George BELLE] |
| Population | - | 276,607 (July 2002 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | - | NA% |
| Population growth rate | - | 0.46% (2002 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US) | Bridgetown, Speightstown (Port Charles Marina) |
| Radio broadcast stations | - | AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | - | 237,000 (1997) |
| Railways | - | 0 km |
| Religions | - | Protestant 67% (Anglican 40%, Pentecostal 8%, Methodist 7%, other 12%), Roman Catholic 4%, none 17%, other 12% |
| Sex ratio | - | at birth: 1.01 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.63 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
| Suffrage | - | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | - | general assessment: NA
domestic: island-wide automatic telephone system international: satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Trinidad and Saint Lucia |
| Telephones - main lines in use | - | 108,000 (1997) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | - | 8,013 (1997) |
| Television broadcast stations | - | 1 (plus two cable channels) (1997) |
| Terrain | central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that averages about 3 meters in thickness, although pressure ridges may be three times that size; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge) | relatively flat; rises gently to central highland region |
| Total fertility rate | - | 1.64 children born/woman (2002 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | - | 10% (2001 est.) |
| Waterways | - | none |
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